Patient Centred Care free essay sample

This essay will engage closely in exploring the case study provided during week one through four. It will deal with various issues such as the difference between type one and type two diabetes, outcomes of poorly managed blood sugar levels, the necessity of pain control during post-operative care for Josie, the implementation of Tanners model of clinical Judgement and lastly but not the least, a summary of Josies progress note. Diabetes and blood glucose control As Diabetes Mellitus is closely connected to the insufficient action of insulin in the body, the type one and two diabetic patients suffer mainly from managing their blood sugar levels (Crisp Taylor, 2009. ). The widely known differences between the two diabetes are that type one diabetes display an inability of the pancreas to create insulin for the body as its cells producing insulin are destroyed. Type two diabetes do produce insulin, however due to the reduced production of the insulin by the pancreas, the body is unable or resistant to use the insulin appropriately and leads the body to face difficulties in maintaining homoeostatic balance. We will write a custom essay sample on Patient Centred Care or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Further differences of type one and type two diabetes could be identified in managing the disease. It is essential for type one diabetic patient to be treated with an external source of insulin, however for type two diabetic patients the treatment could vary simply from controlling their diet and exercising, or injecting insulin into the body to control their blood sugar levels (Barnes, 2004). Poor function of insulin to control Glucose is the energy source that the cells feed on to survive, therefore poor management of the blood glucose will lead the cells to suffer from insufficient amount of energy to regulate the entire body (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2008). Although the effects may not be immediately life threatening, conditions such as constant exhaustion or hypoglycaemia occurs when there is a low level of glucose in the blood. The patients at such circumstance will experience headaches, dizziness, hunger, seizures and fall into comas at extreme cases. Other outcomes may occur due to hyperglycaemia, when high blood glucose levels damage the small blood vessels. Blood vessels which supply energy to the cells become affected by the high glucose level which in return causes the blood to be toxic and the formation of blood clots (Zmuida, 2009). This will soon result the nerves and the cells to poorly function and trigger blurry vision, nerve damage, poor circulation, foot infections, cardiovascular complications, kidney infections in the long run. Importance of postoperative pain control One of the most important purpose to perform a postoperative pain assessment is to manage the risks the patient may face after the operation. By assessing the location, severity, type of pain and the temperature of the pain area, the patient is likely to have lower risks of developing an infection or a disease during recovery (Doherty, 2010). If pain control assessment is absent during a postoperative care for Josie Elliot, Elliot is likely to meet high levels of pain and stress in dealing with the pain. Such stress is likely to interfere with the other postoperative recovery exercises as it is predictable that Elliot will be physically tensed and unwilling. Furthermore, the consequences of not acknowledging the pain areas for Elliot, could lead to overlooking problems such as swelling or internal bleeding of the operated wrist. Although the problems may be small, they are likely to grow into serious matters such as haemorrhage and amputation. Therefore, for the patients to be less at a risk of becoming susceptible to complications- pain control is the stepping-stone to safety and be considered as a major priority of postoperative care. Tanner’s Clinical judgement: Noticing In this initial step of clinical judgement the nurse will focus in recognising the current situation of the patient. The nurse will seek to find future discomforts and problems that may occur during the care for the patient (Tanner, 2006). As for Elliot, who had an active life before being submitted into the hospital, the nurse should concentrate in understanding the patients psychological well being. Elliot being in such a contrasting environment to her daily life in the society, she could be expected to experience severe stress. For example, the nurse could initiating a casual conversation to assess any signs of depression or discomfort that Elliot may be experiencing. Through her voice, expression or gestures, the nurse will be able to notice conditions out of the ordinary. Another way to collect more informations about the patient may be communicating with the family members. Family members are the ones who will know the patient well enough to be concerned with the minor changes the patient shows. Such way of assessing the patient will help the nurse to accurately point out the changes occurring to the patient and gain deeper understandings of the patient conditions. Interpreting This phase is about digesting the collected information about the patient. For example, Analysing and interpreting the patients idea of his or her condition will allow the nurse to prioritise her tasks for the patients health care. Prioritising tasks will help the nurse to initiate the most argent care needed for the patient. This will decrease number of the patients risk factors and benefit the patient to be nearer to the risk free zone (Tanner, 2006). For further example, the nurse could interpret Elliots dull and restless behaviours, responses, moods and expressions as a sign of depression. Other objective data such as Elliots vitals signs could be interpreted into a certain warning for an occurrence of a diseases. After understanding these informations, the nurse could then prioritise the absorbed informations from the most severe issues to the least (Bradshaw Lowenstein, 2010). In Elliots case it would first be the pain assessment on her fractured wrist and the vital signs to identify and tightly secure Elliots overall physical health which is crucial. The next will be followed by Elliots psychological assessment to ensure Elliot will not be harmed by depression. The last task on the list could be the patient shower to benefit Elliot to feel better and comfortable. However being at the end of the list does not indicate that this task is the least important. Responding This phase requires the nurse to be skilful in order to act out and perform the tasks set out in the previous phase of interpreting (Bradshaw Lowenstein, 2010). At this time of care, the nurse is expected to be insightful, with the attitudes of calmness and confidence to achieve successful outcome of the practice. For example, the nurse could systematically perform the interpreted and prioritized tasks on Elliot. During each task the nurse should explain the procedures being undertaken and communicate with the patient to be informative and clear. This will bring Elliot to be aware and be assured of the care being provided. This will help her to feel less confused or discomforted by knowing what is going on with her body while receiving the care. This step of clinical judgment will inform and educate the patient which is a crucial part of patient centered care. Reflecting Reflecting in tanners clinical judgment refers to having the knowledge to predict what is expected as an outcome of the care provided. There are two different aspects of reflection which are reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action. Reflection-in-action is when the nurse assesses the patients feedback or response in coping with the tasks and the care practiced on the patient. Reflection-on-action is how the nurse learns and gains further knowledge through the patients response to a particular nursing care (Bradshaw Lowenstein, 2010). During Elliots care, the nurse has given the medication to Elliot for pain relief. The nurse should observe and record Elliots responses to the medications. The first response the nurse will be looking for would be the complications occurring Elliots health due to the medication, such as a side effects or an allergic reaction. Secondly, the degree of effectiveness of the medication for Elliot to reduce the pain would also be analyzed. After Elliots responses have been assessed, the nurse should immediately make an effort to improve the status of the patient, and further promote patient centered care. Fracture in her left wrist from playing soccer. Has a history of Type 1 diabetes, on regular S/C insulin injections . Blood sugar within the average range of 6. 3 mmol/L. Vital signs have been within the normal range: Blood pressure 110/80, Heart rate 61, Oxygen rate 100%, Respiratory rate 17, Pulse rate 100 and Temperature 37. 8. Went to surgery 09/08/10, returned to ward with no complications. Has a cast with fingers exposed. Post-op requirements 10/08/10 included: indwelling catheter, 6LO2 saturating at 100%, 0. 9 Saline and 5% Glucose at 42mls/hr, PRN analgesia, ceased fluids after commencing oral intake, positioning patient to raise limb and neurovascular observations . Neurovascular observation of colour, capillary return, temperature, pulses, bleeding were within the normal rage. Movement was reduced due to patients pain rated to be 6/10 uncontrolled. Sensation was tingling around the fractured left arm. 11/08/10: Panadeine forte given for management of pain. Pain score reduced to 2/10. patient orally eat and drink. IDC was removed at 0600. Passed urine at 1100. Has a unoccupied cannula on right arm. Removed Indwelling catheter at 0600. Completed shower and resting comfortably at the time of report. For review by RMO: heeeun Hee-eun Yeo (UTS Nursing student) F. N Florence Nightingale (RN). Conclusion The essay explored the case study provided during week one through four. Focuses were set on; diabetes, issues of controlling the sugar levels, the necessity of pain control during post-operative care and the implementation of Tanners model of clinical Judgement on the bases of patient centered care.

Mike Cain essays

Mike Cain essays Michael Cain is an attorney for the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) and he came to talk to us about the evolution of the public trust doctrine in Wisconsin dealing with navigable water and current development issues related to the public trust. The doctrine states that a sizable body of common law has developed which holds that all navigable waters are held in trust by the state for the public and through the DNR Department of Justice and District Attorneys they have an affirmative duty to protect these public trust waters. With the increase in recreational and developmental pressures the amount of aquatic resources diminishes increasing the importance of this issue and the grounds of the public trust doctrine. This is important because the doctrine provides the foundation for preserving aquatic natural resources for the future. Wisconsin is facing developmental problems mainly, but not limited to, the northern part of the state. People want to buy lakefront property to put their home or cottage on to get further from the cities and closer to nature. What they dont realize is that developing this lakefront property like your home in the cities is ruining the natural vegetation and destroying shoreline habitat. The runoff of chemicals gets in the water affecting water quality and the removal of shoreline vegetation for recreational purposes reduces wildlife habitat. Basically they are pushing out the wildlife that they are trying to get closer to by being in the north woods. Cain talked about the historical aspect behind the public trust doctrine and its judicial construction. The doctrine was written to reflect the publics interest in waterways and to respond to the activities that have and will impact the navigable waterways. The doctrine took into consideration cases such as Willow River vs. Wade in 1898 recognizing the right of the public to fish in navigable wa ...

Units Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words - 2

Units - Coursework Example Internet marketing is â€Å"essentially everything that you do, both online and offline, to influence people to buy your product or service from an online medium such as a website† (Michie, 10). There are some principle benefits from internet marketing like low cost involved and easy reach to customers across the world. With the help of internet marketing, sales can increase rapidly since millions of customers can make easy access to a company’s website and gain knowledge about its products and services. Email communication has become a popular mode of staying connected with customers. For customers it is no longer necessary to rely on telephone for getting information about a company as most companies have their own websites. Thus, with the help of internet marketing it has become easier to achieve business objectives of enhanced sales and huge customer base. Also, internet marketing makes more effective targeting and segmentation since it is possible to keep track of which products have most demand. Moreover, with the internet it is possible to address specific group of customers with similar likes and dislikes. All these will help the company make products according to target customer demand. Market segmentation can be demographic, geographic, psychographic and lifestyle. Demographic segmentation is based on age, social class, gender and income. Geographic segmentation is based on regions where customers belong to since customers from different countries or whether they are in towns or cities of same country display different demands and purchasing capacity. Psychographic or lifestyle segmentation is based on customers’ personality, opinions and interest. Also, the 7ps (product, price, promotion, place, people, process, physical evidence) of marketing mix is very important in internet marketing. Internet is a reliable tool for assessing the demand of a product. Once demand pattern

Dorothea Lange Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dorothea Lange - Research Paper Example n, a face marked with wrinkles and a distant gaze seemingly full of worries; to the right and left are her children leaning against her shoulders while a baby sleeping on her lap, seemed to portray vulnerable people seeking protection amidst struggle and hopelessness. This highly concentrated, tightly composed image has been one of the most famous and most frequently published photograph of the FSA project and made Lange an eminent documentary photographer of her time (â€Å"Dorothea Lange†). Her work poignantly captured the depths of the Great Depression era by asserting the challenges of rural poverty through photographs and doing reports on the plights of poor farmers and migrant workers. Being a social realism photographer of the early 20th century, Lange once reflected â€Å"No country has ever closely scrutinized itself visually...I know what we could make of it if people only thought we could dare to look at ourselves† (qtd. in

Social Computing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 2

Social Computing - Essay Example Directing the customers from these pages to the actual scholarly articles. This will increase the readership of the ‘Educated People Society’ website. It will help them gain various sponsors to run the website and fund actions related to environmental activities and scientific research. Checking the level of awareness created through the social media tools by conducting a questionnaire survey among them and involving in the qualifying youngsters in projects related to their interests. Creating an environmental awareness is the main objective. Be it a laptop the youngsters use or a leather jacket, they should be educated regarding the way it is created, the core technology and the various political and economical facts associated with it. This knowledge is important to make them valuable citizens in future. A youngster who changes his mobile once in year will stick to one smart phone for years if they realize how much e-waste they are creating. A person who knows how the plastic covers thrown around affects the environment will never use them again. Providing such information in an interesting format is the main objective of the social media tools used. The aim of the social media campaign is to advertise about the same by entering their territory. It is hard to make youngsters visit a science related site or lecture them about environment. But, taking the site to tools like Blogger and Twitter where they use will make them peek at it automatically. The blog and Twitter page explains about the animals and the photography site in Nat Geo. The technology blog related dwells with various subjects shown as documentaries in NatGeo, WWF and Green Peace websites. So youngsters with diverse interests will be directed towards these sites from their favourite pastime areas in the internet. The info presented will be mostly in the format of quizzes, puzzles and

Trends In Policing Essay -- essays research papers fc

Since the founding of this country, to the wild west, and up to the present, the agenda of the policing bodies have been clear: to uphold and enforce the laws of our society. Of course the way they do this today had undergone changes from the first police forces of early America, law enforcement has seen trends come and go.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Law enforcement is divided into three major eras throughout history. These eras are the political era, the reform era and the community era. The political era that took place between 1840-1930 was characterized by five points, which was the authority was coming from politicians and the law, a broad social service function, decentralized organization, an intimate relationship with the community, and the extensive use of foot patrol. The downside to the political era was that the police got its authority from the politics and the law, the close tie with politics posed as a problem. 'In New York, for example, the first chief of police could not dismiss officers under his command. The tenure of the chief was limited to one year. Consequently, any early New York cop who was solidly supported by his alderman and assistant alderman could disobey a police superior with virtual impunity. So while the British were firing bobbies left and right for things like showing up late for work, wearing disorderly uniforms, and behaving discourteously to citizens, American police were assaulting superior officers, refusing to go on patrol, extorting money from prisoners, and releasing prisoners from custody of other officers...'; Klockars (1985, p. 42)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Needless to say that corruption became a big problem in American law enforcement. Probably the biggest factor that underlined the problem of corruption during this era was the soils system, whose motto was, 'To the victor go the spoils.'; This resulted in gross political interference with policing. For example, the winning party was under the impression that its members should be immune from arrest and given special privileges in naming favorites for promotions and they assisted in carrying out personal vendettas against other political opponents. So what happened is that this system led to the politicians staffing the country's police forces with incompetent people as rewards for support and 'fixing'; arrests, or making sure arrests were not made wh... ...ter, in the 1930's, August Vollmer and O.W. Wilson, two American police pioneers, advanced the goal of 'prof Since the founding of this country, to the wild west, and up to the present, the agenda of the policing bodies have been clear: to uphold and enforce the laws of our societyessionalizing' law enforcement. Their efforts ushered in the 'second wave' of major law enforcement reform. Standardization, specialization, synchronization, concentration, maximization, and centralization, dominated law enforcement during this era... The civil unrest of the mid-1960's through the mid-1970's was the impetus for the advocacy of the 'third wave' of major law enforcement reform. The third wave is now. The question is, will it bury us or carry us boldly forward into the twenty-first century?'; Tafoya (1990, p. 15) Works Cited Klockars, C.B. The Idea of Police. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Publications, 1985 Roberg, R.R. and Kuykendall, J. Police and Society. Belmont, Calif.:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1993. Tafoya, W.L. 'The Future of Policing.'; FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (January 1990): 13-17.

Global Strategy of Sony Ericsson Essay

In 2001, Sony Ericsson is established by the Japanese company Sony (a consumer electronics corporation) as a fifty-fifty joint venture with the Swedish telecommunications company Ericsson (a mobile communications infrastructure and systems business) which offers mobile phones, accessories and applications. Before the merger, its provides expertise in mobile communication, after the merger, its provide both the consumer electronics and content expertise. In 2011, Sony Ericsson changes their global strategy by focusing more on high end smartphones. At the same times, Sony Ericsson will focus on their key markets, which is including the U.S., Russia, China and Germany. The transaction gives Sony focus on high end smartphones product includes their accessories and application that will lead to profitability and the growth of its business. However, the company facing new challenges in this dynamic changing environment, aggressive competition will affect the global market share of the company and it revenue. In 2012, Sony Ericsson becomes an end when Sony’s announcement that it will acquired 50 percent stake in Sony Ericsson, changed its name to Sony Mobile Communications AB (SMEC) let Sony Ericsson becomes an affiliated company of Sony Corporation (Sony). Sony is a multinational corporation, one of the most leading brand and its functions as designing, manufacturing, marketing mobiles phones and its accessories. With the announcement of acquisition, it will be a brand new start for Sony Ericsson to embark within the Sony family, expanded their marketing activities. Sony Ericsson use outsourcing for the customer interaction centre is another global strategy. This customer interaction centre is established to solve and meet all customer requirements and their problems, and at the same time reducing their cost for expansion.